1109.0266 (Lorenzo Iorio)

Mercury and frame-dragging in light of the MESSENGER flybys: conflict
with general relativity, poor knowledge of the physical properties of the
Sun, data reduction artifact, or still insufficient observations?    [PDF]

Lorenzo Iorio

The Lense-Thirring precession of the longitude of perihelion of Mercury, as
predicted by general relativity by using the value of the Sun's angular
momentum S = 190 x 10^39 kg m^2 s^-1 from helioseismology, is -2.0
milliarcseconds per century, computed in a celestial equatorial reference
frame. It disagrees at 4-{\sigma} level with the correction 0.4 +/- 0.6
milliarcseconds per century to the standard Newtonian/Einsteinian precession.
The supplementary precession was recently determined in a global fit with the
INPOP10a ephemerides to a long planetary data record (1914-2010) including also
3 data points collected in 2008-2009 from the MESSENGER spacecraft. The
INPOP10a models did not include the solar gravitomagnetic field at all, so that
its signature might have partly been removed in the data reduction process. On
the other hand, the Lense-Thirring precession may have been canceled to a
certain extent by the competing precession caused by a small mismodeling in the
quadrupole mass moment of the Sun, actually modeled in INPOP10a, of the order
of (0.1-0.2) x 10^-7. On the contrary, the oblateness of Mercury itself has a
negligible impact on its perihelion. The same holds for the mismodelled actions
of both the largest individual asteroids and the ring of the minor asteroids.
Future analysis of more observations from the currently ongoing MESSENGER
mission will shed further light on such an issue which, if confirmed, might
potentially challenge our present-day picture of the currently accepted laws of
gravitation and/or of the physical properties of the Sun.

View original: http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.0266